How to perform One-rescuer CPR

In order to maintain proper sequence in extremely emotional and confusing circumstances, it is essential to call out each step.

It’s as simple as the ABC of CPR.

A = Airway
Call A and perform the head tilt-chin lift manoeuvre.
B = Breathing
Call B and deliver two slow deep breaths to the victim. Watch that the chest movement occurs.
C = Circulation
Call C and place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest two finger breadths above the lower end of the breastbone. Now place the other hand on top of the first with your fingers off the chest and facing away from you.

• Keep your elbows straight.
• Keep your shoulders directly above the victim’s breastbone.
• Keep your fingers off the victim’s chest. You must press on the breastbone, not on the ribs.

Press smoothly downward using the weight of your upper body to push the breastbone down 4-5cm. Do not jerk downwards – you will break ribs and damage internal organs. Release the pressure, allowing the chest wall to spring back, but without losing your hand position on the breastbone. This process compresses the heart between the front of the chest and the spine, forcing blood from the ventricles. On releasing pressure, the ventricles refill from the venous system. If done properly, a pulse will be felt in the neck with each compression.

Repeat this compression 15 times, while loudly reciting, “One and, two and, three and, four and ...”. Compress with each number and release with each “and”. You will achieve a rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute. You have completed one cycle of ABC. This must be repeated
in cycles of two breaths then 15 compressions (2:15) until help arrives or the victim breathes or moves. If you are alone, do not waste time trying to find a carotid pulse again – it will break your
rhythm and timing.

• Call A and return to the airway.
• Call B and give two slow deep mouth-to-mouth breaths.
• Call C and commence “One and, two and...”.

It is hard and desperate work, but persistence is vital. If spontaneous breathing recurs, place the victim in the left lateral position, give 100% oxygen by mask if it is available and stop CPR.

Calling the emergency services:
1. Dial 0 828 10 60 10 (International).
2. Indicate emergency (CPR in progress).
3. Give the exact location (street name and number/cross-street/landmark, etc.).
4. Replace receiver last (answer all questions).
5. Return to the victim.
Compiled by Dr WGJ Kloeck